I feel like the movies Taxi Driver and Joker are probably inspired by it as well. MAYBE the beginning of Fight Club?
The whole alienated male in a disinterested urban society thing. It is kinda an obvious theme, though, but I don’t think I know of any other works from the 19th century or before like it.
Maybe you can try reading something in between what you’re reading now, and something more challenging?
Like instead of reading Ulysses (considered one of the greatest yet difficult classic books in English) you should read something like…well, I’ve been reading John Irving. A bit more literary and not genre, but still very good writing. Or really anything that is on “best of the year” lists.
A lot of that stuff isn’t difficult to read at all. So it’s not challenging, even if it is more “mature” in the sense of not being young adult.
One book I read recently that I loved was the Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay. Not challenging at all, a breeze to read, emotionally affecting and well written and highly respected. Expand your horizons; try new things out. DONT try to read dusty old classics if you don’t want to!
Feeling lonely and alienated does not make you an incel.